The improbability of getting that message to the hunters, coupled with its rejection by many of the Plains Indians, made confrontation inevitable. The Gatlings, mounted high on carriages, required the battery crew to stand upright during its operation, making them easy targets for Lakota and Cheyenne sharpshooters. [37], Custer contemplated a surprise attack against the encampment the following morning of June 26, but he then received a report informing him several hostiles had discovered the trail left by his troops. In fragmenting his regiment, Custer had left its three main components unable to provide each other support. Donovan, 2008, p. 440: footnote, "the carbine extractor problem did exist, though it probably had little impact on the outcome of the battle. Donovan, 2008, p. 191: "a solid weapon with superior range and stopping power". The battle, which resulted in the defeat of U.S. forces, was the most significant action of the Great Sioux War of 1876. Gallear, 2001: "the .44 rim-fire round fired from the Henry rifle is the most numerous Indian gun fired with almost as many individual guns identified as the Cavalry Springfield Model 1873 carbine. NOTE:Site requires 2-mile cross-country hike. ", Philbrick, 2010, p. 73: "The biggest problem with the [Gatling] gun was transporting it to where it might be of some use [in the week preceding the Battle of the Little Bighorn], the Gatling, not the mules, proved to be the biggest hindrance to the expedition. Custer had been offered the use of Gatling guns but declined, believing they would slow his rate of march. Custer's Last Stand The Battle Of The Little Bighorn 1876 Battlelines Unpunched | Toys & Games, Games, Board & Traditional Games | eBay! [64] He then said, "All those who wish to make their escape follow me. [65] Though both men inferred that Custer was engaged in battle, Reno refused to move until the packs arrived so his men could resupply. [135] In addition, Captain Frederick Whittaker's 1876 book idealizing Custer was hugely successful. It causes substantial fouling within the firearm. He also visited the Lakota country and interviewed Red Hawk, "whose recollection of the fight seemed to be particularly clear". Thus, wrote Curtis, "Custer made no attack, the whole movement being a retreat". It also serves as a memorial to those who fought in the battle: George Armstrong Custer's 7th Cavalry and a combined Lakota-Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho force. First, he went over the ground covered by the troops with the three Crow scouts White Man Runs Him, Goes Ahead, and Hairy Moccasin, and then again with Two Moons and a party of Cheyenne warriors. ", Lawson, 2008, p. 53: "Many of the officers and most of the civilians brought along their own weapons. At noon on June 25, in an attempt to prevent Sitting Bulls followers from escaping, he split his regiment into three battalions. He had died a couple of days after the Rosebud battle, and it was the custom of the Indians to move camp when a warrior died and leave the body with its possessions. With time on their hands, they decided to carve their names into a sandstone bluff. Capt. Cambridge,1995, p. 108. ", Donovan, 2008, pp. Other historians claim that Custer never approached the river, but rather continued north across the coulee and up the other side, where he gradually came under attack. During the Black Hills Expedition two years earlier, a Gatling gun had turned over, rolled down a mountain, and shattered to pieces. [151][152][153][154] Custer insisted that the artillery was superfluous to his success, in that the 7th Cavalry alone was sufficient to cope with any force they should encounter, informing Terry: "The 7th can handle anything it meets". Warriors could have been drawn to the feint attack, forcing the battalion back towards the heights, up the north fork drainage, away from the troops providing cover fire above. When the Crows got news from the battlefield, they went into grief. [77]:48 They were soon joined by a large force of Sioux who (no longer engaging Reno) rushed down the valley. Lieutenant Colonel Custer and his U.S. Army troops are defeated in battle with Native American Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne on the Little Bighorn Battlefield, June 25, 1876 at Little Bighorn River, Montana All the warriors later interviewed had no problem admitting that the soldiers fought bravely and well. Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument preserves the site of the June 25 and 26, 1876, Battle of the Little Bighorn, near Crow Agency, Montana, in the United States. "Reno Court of Inquiry, Gregory Michno, Lakota Noon, Mountain Press, 1997, p. 177, Gregory Michno, Lakota Noon, Mountain Press, 1997, p. 252, Gregory Michno, Lakota Noon, Mountain Press, 1997, p. 179, Gregory Michno, Lakota Noon, Mountain Press, 1997, p. 254, GSklenar, Larry, To Hell with Honor, p. 260, "Last of the Argonauts: The Life and Services of Capt. Comanche was taken back to the steamer. The historian Earl Alonzo Brininstool suggested he had collected at least 70 "lone survivor" stories. Other historians have noted that if Custer did attempt to cross the river near Medicine Tail Coulee, he may have believed it was the north end of the Indian camp, only to discover that it was the middle. Unnamed Road However, it would incapacitate and few troopers would fight on after an arrow hit them.". The Sioux refused the money subsequently offered and continue to insist on their right to occupy the land. [67]:282. [130] By the time the battle began, Custer had already divided his forces into three battalions of differing sizes, of which he kept the largest. This c. 1895-1899 portrait of A-ca-po-re, a Ute musician, by Charles A. Nast has been misidentified as Mitch Bouyer for nearly 100 years. RoadsideAmerica.com offers maps, directions and attraction details as a convenience, providing all information as is. There were 4 or 5 at one place, all within a space of 20 to 30 yards. Custer planned "to live and travel like Indians; in this manner the command will be able to go wherever the Indians can", he wrote in his Herald dispatch. The fight continued until dark (approximately 9:00pm) and for much of the next day, with the outcome in doubt. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. . Some Native accounts recalled this segment of the fight as a "buffalo run."[82]. Also, Custer retained the conviction that the Seventh could handle any force of Indians it might encounter, and he may have reasoned that taking the Second Cavalry would leave [Colonel John] Gibbon's column susceptible to attack and defeat". [126] Defenders of Reno at the trial noted that, while the retreat was disorganized, Reno did not withdraw from his position until it became apparent that he was outnumbered and outflanked by the Native Americans. General Nelson A. The federal government was forcing the Native Americans to move to reservations. P.S. [20] There were numerous skirmishes between the Sioux and Crow tribes,[21] so when the Sioux were in the valley in 1876 without the consent of the Crow tribe,[22] the Crow supported the US Army to expel the Sioux (e.g., Crows enlisted as Army scouts[23] and Crow warriors would fight in the nearby Battle of the Rosebud[24]). Thomas Weir and Company D moved out to contact Custer. [118] Indian accounts also noted the bravery of soldiers who fought to the death. That tactic proved to be disastrous. et sortie analogique; Dynamomtre digital FL-M capteur exter. The Journal of American History. Col. George A. Custer and Northern Plains Indians (Lakota [Teton or Western Sioux] and Northern Cheyenne) led by Sitting Bull. "[110], Marker indicating where General Custer fell among soldiers denoted with black-face, in center of photo, The Lakota had formed a "Strongheart Society" of caretakers and providers for the camp, consisting of men who had demonstrated compassion, generosity and bravery. For example, near the town of Garryowen, portions of the skeleton of a trooper killed in the Reno Retreat were recovered from an eroding bank of the Little Big Horn, while the rest of the remains had apparently been washed away by the river. And p. 79: "During the Reno scout [reconnoitering], the two guns were actually abandoned (and retrieved later) because soldiers got tired of dragging them over rough spots[I]f Custer did not already have a fully formed negative opinion of the Gatlings on such an expedition, the experience of the Reno [reconnaissance of early June] surely convinced him. [232], Photo taken in 1894 by H.R. The rifle was a .45/55-caliber Springfield carbine and the pistol was a .45-caliber Colt revolver both weapons were models [introduced in] 1873 [though] they did not represent the latest in firearm technology. The probable attack upon the families and capture of the herds were in that event counted upon to strike consternation in the hearts of the warriors and were elements for success upon which General Custer fully counted. Earlier army intelligence estimates credited the bands loyal to . Attraction status, hours and prices change without . The Custer Trail - Fort Abraham Lincoln to the Little Bighorn Battlefield Dodger's Trips 414 subscribers Subscribe 113 12K views 2 years ago A fur traders rendezvous was in progress as. [54], Some authors and historians, based on archaeological evidence and reviews of native testimony, speculate that Custer attempted to cross the river at a point further north they refer to as Ford D. According to Richard A. He sent three companies under the command of Maj. Marcus A. Reno to charge straight into the village, dispatched three companies under Capt. In 1805, fur trader Franois Antoine Larocque reported joining a Crow camp in the Yellowstone area. Paxson", "Prisoners in the Indian Camp: Kill Eagle's Band at the Little Bighorn", "Context Delicti: Archaeological Context in Forensic Work", Account of Custer's fight on Little Bighorn, MSS SC 860, Custer Battlefield Museum, Garryowen, Montana. Fox, James Donovan, and others, Custer proceeded with a wing of his battalion (Yates' E and F companies) north and opposite the Cheyenne circle at that crossing,[48]:17677 which provided "access to the [women and children] fugitives. The Battle of the Little Bighorn was fought at the Little Bighorn River in southern Montana Territory, U.S. [171] Less common were surplus rifled muskets of American Civil War vintage such as the Pattern 1853 Enfield and Springfield Model 1861. His men were widely scattered and unable to support each other. Share it with your friends. )[140], Custer's decision to reject Terry's offer of the rapid-fire Gatlings has raised questions among historians as to why he refused them and what advantage their availability might have conferred on his forces at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. [67] By the time troops came to recover the bodies, the Lakota and Cheyenne had already removed most of their own dead from the field. Custer refused the assistance, and Terry abided by that. So, protected from moths and souvenir hunters by his humidity-controlled glass case, Comanche stands patiently, enduring generation after generation of undergraduate jokes. [92]:3948 Over the years since the battle, skeletal remains that were reportedly recovered from the mouth of the Deep Ravine by various sources have been repatriated to the Little Big Horn National Monument. Archaeological evidence suggests that many of these troopers were malnourished and in poor physical condition, despite being the best-equipped and supplied regiment in the Army.[32][33]. They certainly did not have the ammunition to practice, except whilst hunting buffalo, and this would suggest that the Indians generally followed the same technique of holding their fire until they were at very close range". Miscellaneous. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . To this day, their names remain in silent testimony to their passing. As an evidence of this I recall the three charred and burned heads we picked up in the village near the scene of the big war dance, when we visited the village with Capt. ", Donovan, 2008, p. 175: "Reno had taken one [Gatling gun] along [on his June reconnaissance], and it had been nothing but trouble." "[45] This message made no sense to Benteen, as his men would be needed more in a fight than the packs carried by herd animals. Terry laid out his plan . Attractions Fit + Nearby Attractions. All 210 U.S. soldiers who followed George Armstrong Custer into the Battle of the Little Bighorn were killed; Custer also died. The Battle of the Little Bighorn is significant because it proved to be the height of Native American power during the 19th century. For the army, far more was at stake than individual reputations, as the future of the service could be affected. Free shipping for many products! [194], Historian Mark Gallear claims that U.S. government experts rejected the lever-action repeater designs, deeming them ineffective in a clash with fully equipped European armies, or in case of an outbreak of another civil conflict. Later, looking from a hill .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}2+12 miles (4km) away after parting with Reno's command, Custer could observe only women preparing for the day, and young boys taking thousands of horses out to graze south of the village. The committee temporarily lifted the ceiling on the size of the Army by 2,500 on August 15.[122]. Donovan, 2008, p. 175: "Each of these heavy, hand-cranked weapons could fire up to 350 rounds a minute, an impressive rate, but they were known to jam frequently. Go south on 1st Avenue NW and make a left on 4th Street NW. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Several contemporary accounts note that Korn's horse bolted in the early stages of the battle, whilst he was serving with Custer's 'I' company, and that he ended up joining Reno's companies making their stand on Reno Hill.[227]. In 1881, the current marble obelisk was erected in their honor. Within days, Crazy Horse surrendered at Fort Robinson, Nebraska. [186], The opposing forces, though not equally matched in the number and type of arms, were comparably outfitted, and neither side held an overwhelming advantage in weaponry. In 1946, it was re-designated as the Custer Battlefield National Monument, reflecting its association with Custer. The site of the battle was first preserved as a United States national cemetery in 1879 to protect the graves of the 7th Cavalry troopers. [127], By contrast, each Gatling gun had to be hauled by four horses, and soldiers often had to drag the heavy guns by hand over obstacles. United States. [211] The phenomenon became so widespread that one historian remarked, "Had Custer had all of those who claimed to be 'the lone survivor' of his two battalions he would have had at least a brigade behind him when he crossed the Wolf Mountains and rode to the attack."[212]. He must have counted upon Reno's success, and fully expected the "scatteration" of the non-combatants with the pony herds. Where was the Battle of the Little Bighorn fought? Behind them, a second company, further up on the heights, would have provided long-range cover fire. [84], I think, in all probability, that the men turned their horses loose without any orders to do so. Custer National Cemetery, on the battlefield, is part of the . Sheridan (Company L), the brother of Lt. Gen. Unnamed road [159][160][161], Historians have acknowledged the firepower inherent in the Gatling gun: they were capable of firing 350 .45-70 (11mm) caliber rounds per minute. Some historians believe that part of Custer's force descended the coulee, going west to the river and attempting unsuccessfully to cross into the village. Miles, participant in the Great Sioux War declared "[Gatlings] were useless for Indian fighting. About 20% of the troopers had been enlisted in the prior seven months (139 of an enlisted roll of 718), were only marginally trained and had no combat or frontier experience. When the scouts began changing back into their native dress right before the battle, Custer released them from his command. Public response to the Great Sioux War varied in the immediate aftermath of the battle. [citation needed] Custer's Crow scouts told him it was the largest native village they had ever seen. The total U.S. casualty count included 268 dead and 55 severely wounded (six died later from their wounds),[14]:244 including four Crow Indian scouts and at least two Arikara Indian scouts. Reno's Arikara scout, Bloody Knife, was shot in the head, splattering brains and blood onto Reno's face. [65] Behind them he saw through the dust and smoke hills that were oddly red in color; he later learned that this was a massive assemblage of Indian ponies. News Sports Restaurants COVID-19 Opinion . Marsh converted the Far West into a floating field hospital to carry the 52 wounded from the battle to Fort Lincoln. [note 10], Over 120 men and women would come forward over the course of the next 70 years claiming they were "the lone survivor" of Custer's Last Stand. [118] Although soldiers may have believed captives would be tortured, Indians usually killed men outright and took as captive for adoption only young women and children. Surprised and according to some accounts astonished by the unusually large numbers of Native Americans, Crook held the field at the end of the battle but felt compelled by his losses to pull back, regroup, and wait for reinforcements. Locke on Battle Ridge looking toward Last Stand Hill (top center). On May 17 Brig. You can take a handful of corn and scatter it over the floor, and make just such lines, there were none. Neither Custer nor Reno had much idea of the length, depth and size of the encampment they were attacking, as the village was hidden by the trees. Sun Bear, "A Cheyenne Old Man", in Marquis, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 20:40. Lawson, 2007, p. 48: "[Three] rapid-fire artillery pieces known as Gatling guns" were part of Terry's firepower included in the Dakota column. The guns were drawn by four condemned horses [and] obstacles in the terrain [would] require their unhitching and assistance of soldier to continueTerry's own battery [of Gatling guns]the one he had offered to Custer[would have] a difficult time keeping up with the march of Colonel John Gibbon's infantry. [147][148][149][150] Custer, valuing the mobility of the 7th Cavalry and recognizing Terry's acknowledgment of the regiment as "the primary strike force" preferred to remain unencumbered by the Gatling guns. ", Philbrick, 2010, p. 73: "Since its invention during the Civil War, the Gatling gun had been used sparingly in actual battle, but there was no denying, potentially at least, an awesome weapon. As individual troopers were wounded or killed, initial defensive positions would have been abandoned as untenable. This would be inconsistent with his known right-handedness, but that does not rule out assisted suicide (other native accounts note several soldiers committing suicide near the end of the battle). The U.S. 7th Cavalry, a force of 700 men, suffered a major defeat while commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer (formerly a brevetted major general during the American Civil War). Minneconjou: Chief Hump, Black Moon, Red Horse, Makes Room, Looks Up, Sans Arc: Spotted Eagle, Red Bear, Long Road, Cloud Man, Lower Yanktonai: Thunder Bear, Medicine Cloud, Iron Bear, Long Tree, Arapahoes: Waterman, Sage, Left Hand, Yellow Eagle, Little Bird, In 1896, Anheuser-Busch commissioned from Otto Becker a lithographed, modified version of Cassilly Adams' painting, A fictionalized version of the battle is depicted in the 2006 video game. The companies remained pinned down on the bluff, fending off the Indians for three hours until night fell. According to Lakota accounts, far more of their casualties occurred in the attack on Last Stand Hill than anywhere else. [77]:49. But the soldiers weren't ready to die. [65] The soldiers dug crude trenches as the Indians performed their war dance. "[199], The breechloader design patent for the Springfield's Erskine S. Allin trapdoor system was owned by the US government and the firearm could be easily adapted for production with existing machinery at the Springfield Armory in Massachusetts. [45] They advanced a mile, to what is today Weir Ridge or Weir Point. ), Ultimately, however, much of the understanding of this most famous portion of the battle is the product of conjecture, and the popular perception of it remains shrouded in myth. It was in fact a correct estimate until several weeks before the battle when the "reservation Indians" joined Sitting Bull's ranks for the summer buffalo hunt. The Lakota asserted that Crazy Horse personally led one of the large groups of warriors who overwhelmed the cavalrymen in a surprise charge from the northeast, causing a breakdown in the command structure and panic among the troops. It was fought on . Rome2rio displays up to date schedules, route maps, journey times and estimated fares from relevant transport operators, ensuring you can make . The intent may have been to relieve pressure on Reno's detachment (according to the Crow scout Curley, possibly viewed by both Mitch Bouyer and Custer) by withdrawing the skirmish line into the timber near the Little Bighorn River. Map of Battle of Little Bighorn, Part IV. The Indian Wars were seen as a minor sideshow in which troops armed to fight on European battlefields would be more than a match for fighting any number of Indians.". Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Custer's Last Stand The Battle Of The Little Bighorn 1876 Battlelines Unpunched at the best online prices at eBay! Records Indicate than on May 28, 1876, 7th Cavalry privates Frank Neely and William C. Williams were assigned to rear guard duty. [38] Assuming his presence had been exposed, Custer decided to attack the village without further delay. "[196][197][198], Gallear points out that lever-action rifles, after a burst of rapid discharge, still required a reloading interlude that lowered their overall rate of fire; Springfield breechloaders "in the long run, had a higher rate of fire, which was sustainable throughout a battle. Almost as soon as men came forward implying or directly pronouncing their unique role in the battle, there were others who were equally opposed to any such claims. ", Hatch, 1997, p. 24: "Brisbin argued with Terry that Custer was undermanned, and requested that his troops [which had the] Gatling guns with Terry in command because Brisbin did not want to serve under Custerbe permitted to accompany [Custer's] column. (2013). Henry E. Alvord 28 2012 14 Custer's Route to Last Stand Hill Dori Eldridge 32 2016 35 John Blake map comparison Michael Donahue 26 2010 12 John T. Blake Map of July 1883 7 1991 28 Kill Eagle's Map 27 2011 6 Little Big Horn Battlefield 7 1991 12 Little Big Horn Campaign, June 21-27, 1876 17 . Graham, Benteen letter to Capt. [71] As the scenario seemed compatible with Custer's aggressive style of warfare and with evidence found on the ground, it became the basis of many popular accounts of the battle. It met with Crook's command, similarly reinforced, and the combined force, almost 4,000 strong, followed the Lakota trail northeast toward the Little Missouri River. Custer believed that the Gatling guns would impede his march up the Rosebud and hamper his mobility. By the morning of June 25, Custers scouts had discovered the location of Sitting Bulls village. According to some accounts, a small contingent of Indian sharpshooters effectively opposed this crossing. Red line with NW heading is a straight line from Crow's Nest to the southern bluff. ", Lawson, 2007, p. 53: "Although each soldier was also issued a sword or saber, Custer ordered these weapons boxed before the strike force departed [up Rosebud Creek] the lack of swords would prove to be a disadvantage during some of the close fighting that lay ahead. This conclusion is supported by evidence from archaeological studies performed at the battlefield, where the recovery of Springfield cartridge casing, bearing tell-tale scratch marks indicating manual extraction, were rare. Andrist, Ralph K., "The Long Death: The Last Days of the Plains Indian". After a night's march, the tired officer who was sent with the scouts could see neither, and when Custer joined them, he was also unable to make the sighting. [92], After the Custer force was soundly defeated, the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne regrouped to attack Reno and Benteen. All Army plans were based on the incorrect numbers. Custer's Last Stand: Little Big Horn - US Hwy 212, Crow Agency, Montana. Wood, Raymond W. and Thomas D. Thiessen (1987): White, Richard: The Winning of the West: The Expansion of the Western Sioux in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. [72]:141 However, in Chief Gall's version of events, as recounted to Lt. Edward Settle Godfrey, Custer did not attempt to ford the river and the nearest that he came to the river or village was his final position on the ridge. Digital FH-S x8: 10N 500N, capteur interne, sortie+min. 1886 Map| Map of Woodstock, Conn., 1883| Connecticut|Woodstock|Woodstock, Conn M (#204087024708) ", Lawson, 2008, p. 93: "The rapid fire power of the Henry repeaters was intimidating, especially to inexperienced soldiers. Other Indian leaders displayed equal courage and tactical skill. Was this information helpful? Dunlay, Thomas W.: Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. The 1876 expedition arrived at Snow Camp on May 31 and found itself snowed in for two nights. (The gun would eventually upset and injure three men.)" Plenty Coups Edward Curtis Portrait (c1908). "[128] There is evidence that Custer suspected that he would be outnumbered by the Indians, although he did not know by how much. Comanche lived on another fifteen years. The 1991 bill changing the name of the national monument also authorized an Indian Memorial to be built near Last Stand Hill in honor of Lakota and Cheyenne warriors. [63] Here the Native Americans pinned Reno and his men down and tried to set fire to the brush to try to drive the soldiers out of their position. Map of Battle of Little Bighorn, Part VI. Field data showed that possible extractor failures occurred at a rate of approximately 1:30 firings at the Custer Battlefield and at a rate of 1:37 at the Reno-Benteen Battlefield. The 7th Cavalry suffered 52 percent casualties: 16 officers and 242 troopers killed or died of wounds, 1 officer and 51 troopers wounded. [64] He made no attempt to engage the Indians to prevent them from picking off men in the rear. Updates? The flaw in the ejector mechanism was known to the Army Ordnance Board at the time of the selection of the Model 1873 rifle and carbine, and was not considered a significant shortcoming in the overall worthiness of the shoulder arm. To say or write such put one in the position of standing against bereaved Libbie". The extent of the soldiers' resistance indicated they had few doubts about their prospects for survival. Battle of the Little Bighorn, also called Custers Last Stand, (June 25, 1876), battle at the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory, U.S., between federal troops led by Lieut. ", Donovan, 2008, p. "Explaining his refusal of the Gatling gun detachment and the Second Cavalry battalion, he convolutedly reaffirmed his confidence in the Seventh's ability to defeat any number of Indians they could find. Cut off by the Indians, all 210 of the soldiers who had followed Custer toward the northern reaches of the village were killed in a desperate fight that may have lasted nearly two hours and culminated in the defense of high ground beyond the village that became known as Custers Last Stand. The details of the movements of the components of Custers contingent have been much hypothesized. [174], Sitting Bull's forces had no assured means to supply themselves with firearms and ammunition. [177], Of the guns owned by Lakota and Cheyenne fighters at the Little Bighorn, approximately 200 were repeating rifles,[178] corresponding to about 1 of 10 of the encampment's two thousand able-bodied fighters who participated in the battle. Only a single badly wounded horse remained from Custers annihilated battalion (the victorious Lakota and Cheyenne had captured 80 to 90 of the battalions mounts). As this was the likely location of Native encampments, all army elements had been instructed to converge there around June 26 or 27 in an attempt to engulf the Native Americans. As the Battle of the Little Bighorn unfolded, Custer and the 7th Cavalry fell victim to a series of surprises, not the least of which was the number of warriors that they encountered. Ahead of those 5 or 6 [dead] horses there were 5 or 6 men at about the same distances, showing that the horses were killed and the riders jumped off and were all heading to get where General Custer was. They had been preparing for war by collecting Winchester repeating rifles and plenty ammunition. Weir could see that the Indian camps comprised some 1,800 lodges.

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